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Turbo Terminology - Printable Version

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Turbo Terminology - Ruan - 27-01-2015

Thought I'd just do a post explaining a few bits about turbochargers and what people mean when they talk about them as I know when I first started, it was horribly confusing.

- Compressor Wheel

The "Cold Side", "Intake Side", "Impeller" - this is the part that actually compresses the air to be delivered to the engine. General rule is bigger this component - more airflow - more power suppported.

- Turbine Wheel

The "Hot Side", "Exhaust Side" - this is the part that the exhaust gasses pass through to turn the turbine, which is linked to the compressor.

- Housing

Sometimes known as a "Compressor Cover" - the part that fits over the compressor or turbine, directing the airflow and accelerating the airflow in and out of the wheels.

[Image: gt35r_comp_housing_2.jpg]

- Inducer

Both the compressor and turbine wheels have an inducer - however GENERALLY we talk about the inducer in reference to the compressor wheel, this affects how much air is drawn in by the compressor. Measured in mm normally, for example a BMW M57N 330d GT2260V has a 44.5mm inducer.

- Exducer

Again, both compressor and turbine have an exducer - however as with the inducer, we tend to talk about the exducer in reference to the compressor wheel. This measurement is in relation to the inducer size - generally the bigger the ratio between the inducer and exducer, the better the turbo is at sustaining higher pressures.

[Image: Garrett_rotating_group_enlarged.jpg]

This explains the difference between inducer and exducer of a compressor wheel.

- Trim

This is a measurement that appears to be wholly misunderstood by anyone in Diesel land from experience, but is an incredibly important measurement. It is the relationship between the inducer and exducer of the compressor wheel - trim describes this as a number:

For example a GT2871R turbo has a compressor wheel with a 53.1mm inducer and a 71.0mm exducer. To calculate the trim from this - there is a formula:

Trim = (Inducer^2 / Exducer^2) * 100

So..

(53.1mm^2 / 71.0mm^2)  = (2819.61 / 5041) *100 = 55.933544

Round that up gives us a trim of 56 - the bigger this number, the larger that ratio between the two. Generally this means that the bigger the number, the more air the wheel can move, but not always, other things will change that affect this!

- A/R

A/R or Area over Radius is a way of describing the housings design - the best way I can describe why this is important is by a really simple idea - imagine standing up a christmas card, grab a drinking straw and blow at the card - the card falls over. Now grab a drainpipe and do the same thing, try and make the card fall over - you can't! This is becuase your breath is being accelerated through the straw and is travelling quickly as it comes out the end, conversely the drainpipe the air barely moves...

Notice however that you had to put in a lot of effort to blow through the straw, you can blow harder and harder, but seemingly you can't get much more air to come out the end of the straw, the air is going a bit quicker, but you go red in the face and light headed. Conversely you seemingly can blow as hard as you want down the drainpipe, but you can barely get the gas going quick enough to even budge the card!

This is exactly what A/R describes - it's how small/big the "throat" into the turbine wheel or out of the compressor is - small being like the straw, big being like the drainpipe. The compressor is affected by A/R, however not to the same extent as the turbine wheel. The measurement is defined as "the inlet (or, for compressor housings, the discharge) cross-sectional area divided by the radius from the turbo centerline to the centroid of that area" - it's very difficult to measure, so we tend to go off the figures printed on the housings.

What you really need to know is that the bigger the number A/R - the larger the throat into the turbocharger.

[Image: Garrett-Housing-AoverR.jpg]

This affects at what RPM the turbo is able to really start providing pressure to the engine, smaller the A/R, quicker the gas is going - it also affects at what RPM the exhaust side starts to become a restriction.

- VNT

Known as VNT or "Variable Nozzle Turbochargers" simply take the above explanation of A/R and cause that to be adjustable - meaning you have the best of both worlds, you can get your low RPM response from a small A/R, which would be a real restriction at high RPMs, but at high RPMs you can open the vanes and allow more air to move.

Enough for tonight - I need to go to bed. I'll do more tomorrow when I can't sleep Smile


RE: Turbo Terminology - mattsrallye - 27-01-2015

That was a very interesting read, thanks for taking the time to type it out!


RE: Turbo Terminology - Jimmy306uk - 27-01-2015

Reading your guides hurt my brain, why couldn't I know loads of shit about stuff


RE: Turbo Terminology - Mattcheese31 - 27-01-2015

This guide sucks........it also blows real bad Tongue


RE: Turbo Terminology - Ruan - 27-01-2015

(27-01-2015, 10:48 PM)Jimmy306uk Wrote: Reading your guides hurt my brain, why couldn't I know loads of shit about stuff

Lol - it's only reading, but I found that all of the stuff I've read from a theoretical point of view just makes no sense when you apply it to reality unless you have some sort of reference point!

Hopefully my ramblings help others understand it - at least people who learn stuff in the same way I do...


RE: Turbo Terminology - Dave - 28-01-2015

Ruan I bet you really liked writing about all that didn't you Wink


RE: Turbo Terminology - mr_fish - 28-01-2015

(28-01-2015, 02:08 AM)Dave Wrote: Ruan I bet you really liked writing about all that didn't you Wink

lol


RE: Turbo Terminology - THE_Liam - 28-01-2015

SCIENCE!


RE: Turbo Terminology - Nathan1305 - 28-01-2015

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RE: Turbo Terminology - Owen_G_ - 28-01-2015

Great guide mate


RE: Turbo Terminology - 205 Mardi gras - 30-01-2015

Ruan.
Did you say to blow or suck on the drainpipe mate? I've got a gob full of leaves and can't get rid of this taste of mud.


RE: Turbo Terminology - Chairchild - 30-01-2015

Feel free to read my Dissertation: Mechanical control of variable turbine turbochargers

Expands on some minor details Smile


RE: Turbo Terminology - hbomb1905 - 01-02-2015

(30-01-2015, 06:11 PM)205 Mardi gras Wrote: Ruan.
Did you say to blow or suck on the drainpipe mate?  I've got a gob full of leaves and can't get rid of this taste of mud.

Brilliant Rofl